Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of calcium phosphate and/or vitamin D3\r\non bone and mineral metabolism.\r\nMethods: Sixty omnivorous healthy subjects participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel designed\r\nstudy. Supplements were tricalcium phosphate (CaP) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). At the beginning of the study\r\n(baseline), all subjects documented their normal nutritional habits in a dietary record for three successive days. After\r\nbaseline, subjects were allocated to three intervention groups: CaP (additional 1 g calcium/d), vitamin D3 (additional\r\n10 �µg/d) and CaP vitamin D3. In the first two weeks, all groups consumed placebo bread, and afterwards, for eight\r\nweeks, the test bread according to the intervention group. In the last week of each study period (baseline, placebo,\r\nafter four and eight weeks of intervention), a faecal (three days) and a urine (24 h) collection and a fasting blood\r\nsampling took place. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron were determined in faeces, urine and blood. Bone\r\nformation and resorption markers were analysed in blood and urine.\r\nResults: After four and eight weeks, CaP and CaP vitamin D3 supplementations increased faecal excretion of\r\ncalcium and phosphorus significantly compared to placebo. Due to the vitamin D3 supplementations (vitamin D3,\r\nCaP vitamin D3), the plasma 25-(OH)D concentration significantly increased after eight weeks compared to\r\nplacebo. The additional application of CaP led to a significant increase of the 25-(OH)D concentration already after\r\nfour weeks. Bone resorption and bone formation markers were not influenced by any intervention.\r\nConclusions: Supplementation with daily 10 �µg vitamin D3 significantly increases plasma 25-(OH)D concentration.\r\nThe combination with daily 1 g calcium (as CaP) has a further increasing effect on the 25-(OH)D concentration. Both\r\nCaP alone and in combination with vitamin D3 have no beneficial effect on bone remodelling markers and on the\r\nmetabolism of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron.
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